Nestled amidst the bustling streets of Hanoi lies a tranquil oasis steeped in history and cultural significance – the Temple of Literature. This captivating complex, also known as Văn Miếu in Vietnamese, transcends its literal translation and offers a profound experience for travelers seeking a deeper understanding of Vietnamese heritage.
Location: 58 Quốc Tử Giám, Văn Miếu, Đống Đa, Hà Nội
Opening hours: every day.
In summer ( From April to October) : 07:30-17:30
In winter (From October to April) : 08:00-17:00
Entrance fee
Adults: 30,000 VND (~US$ 1.3) for Vietnamese and foreigners
Students: 15,000 VND (~US$ 0.7) (student card required)
Children under 15: Free
Dress code: no tank-top or miniskirt allowed, always take off your hat when being in the sanctuary area.
A Legacy of Learning
Founded in 1070 by Emperor Ly Thanh Tong, the temple’s original purpose was to honor Confucius, the revered Chinese philosopher. However, its legacy extends far beyond mere reverence. In 1076, the temple witnessed the birth of Vietnam’s first national university, the Imperial Academy (Quoc Tu Giam). For over 700 years, this institution served as a beacon of education, nurturing the minds of countless scholars and mandarins who shaped Vietnam’s intellectual landscape.
A Visual Feast
Step through the imposing gateway and prepare to be transported to a bygone era. The temple unfolds in a series of five courtyards, each one meticulously designed and boasting traditional Vietnamese architecture. Carved wooden panels, ornately decorated roofs with their signature “flying eaves,” and serene ponds adorned with lotus flowers create a picture-perfect harmony.
Highlights Not to Miss
- The Khue Van Pavilion (Pavilion of the Clarifying Pen): This iconic structure, erected in 1802, is a photographer’s dream. Its vermilion lacquer and intricate design stand out against the lush greenery, making it a symbol of the temple itself.
- The Doctor’s stelae: Wander through the tranquil landscaped gardens and discover the stone stelae honoring Vietnam’s doctoral laureates. Eighty-two of the original 116 stelae remain, each one etched with the names, birthplaces, and achievements of these exceptional scholars. They rest atop stone turtles, symbolizing longevity and wisdom.
Local’s Guide:
- Dress modestly: As a place of learning and respect, it’s advisable to dress modestly when visiting the temple. Avoid overly revealing clothing and opt for comfortable shoes suitable for walking on uneven surfaces.
- Embrace the tranquility: The temple offers a welcome respite from the city’s vibrancy. Take your time exploring the courtyards, soak in the serene atmosphere, and appreciate the architectural details.
- A haven for students: The temple is a popular spot for Vietnamese students, particularly around exam times. Observe them praying for good luck and academic success, adding another layer of cultural significance to your visit.
Beyond the Temple Walls
The Temple of Literature is more than just a historical landmark; it’s a testament to Vietnam’s enduring respect for education and scholarship. A visit here allows you to delve into the heart of Vietnamese culture and gain a deeper appreciation for the country’s rich past.
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